藻类勃发—湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制   总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38       下载免费PDF全文

刘传联  徐金鲤等 《地质论评》2001,47(2):207-210

浮游藻类是重要的湖相生油母质，本文以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷早第三纪湖相生油岩为例，研究了其中藻类（主要是颗石藻和沟鞭藻＿化石的分布特征，并通过与现代水体中藻类生产和沉积作用的比较，探讨了生油湖泊中藻类生产和沉积方式及其对油源岩形成所起的控制作用，结果显示，藻类勃发现象在早第三纪生油湖泊中相当普遍，而且贯穿于各类油源岩的形成过程，这类快速事件性沉积是湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制。  相似文献   

Salt tolerance of Microcoleus vaginatus Gom., a cyanobacterium isolated from desert algal crust, was enhanced by exogenous carbohydrates     

Lanzhou Chen  Dunhai Li  Yongding Liu 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,55(4):381

Microcoleus vaginatus isolated from a desert algal crust of Shapotou was cultured in BG-11 medium containing 0.2 mol l⁻¹ NaCl or 0.2 mol l⁻¹ NaCl plus 100 mg l⁻¹ sucrose, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or hot water-soluble polysaccharides (HWP), respectively. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, photosystem II activity (Fv/Fm) and dark respiration of NaCl-stressed cells were enhanced significantly by the added sucrose or EPS under salt stress conditions (0.2 mol l⁻¹ NaCl). Compared with cells treated with salt alone, sodium contents in cells reduced significantly; the content of cellular total carbohydrate did not change, and intracellular sucrose, water-soluble sugar increased significantly following the addition of exogenous carbohydrates. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of exogenous sucrose, EPS or HWP compared with cells stressed with NaCl only. The results suggested that the extruded EPS might be re-absorbed by cells of M. vaginatus as carbon source, they could increase salt tolerance of M. vaginatus through the changes of carbohydrate metabolism and the selective uptake of sodium ions.  相似文献   

Harmful microalgae blooms (HAB); problematic and conditions that induce them     

Masó M  Garcés E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(10-12):620-630

HAB occurrence is becoming more frequent and problematic in marine recreational waters. However, the exploitation of the coastal area for recreational use is promoting the necessary conditions for the HAB increase. In terms of the harmful effects, we can consider two types of causative organism: the toxic producers and the high-biomass producers. Toxic events can be produced by a very low concentration of the causative organism. This characteristic implies a difficulty for the monitoring programs in relation to human health. It is important to point out in the context of human health and HAB events, that in some coastal regions (e.g. the Mediterranean basin) HABs are an emerging problem. In these regions, the local population and visitors may face a health risk that is difficult to measure. The monitoring of toxic species has mainly been associated -with shellfish farming. However, the risk of intoxication could become even greater in areas not subject to legislation of aquaculture activities.  相似文献   

Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes   总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1  

XIE Ping 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

Because of the obvious importance of P as a nutrient that often accelerates growth of phytoplankton (including toxic cyanobacteria) and therefore worsens water quality, much interest has been devoted to P exchange across the sediment-water interface. Generally, the release mode of P from the sediment differed greatly between shallow and deep lakes, and much of the effort has been focused on iron and oxygen, and also on the relevant environmental factors, for example, turbulence and decomposition, but a large part of the P variation in shallow lakes remains unexplained. This paper reviews experimental and field studies on the mechanisms of P release from the sediment in the shallow temperate (in Europe) and subtropical (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China) lakes, and it is suggested that pH rather than DO might be more important in driving the seasonal dynamics of internal P loading in these shallow lakes, i.e., intense photosynthesis of phytoplankton increases pH of the lake water and thus may increase pH of the surface sediment, leading to enhanced release of P (especially iron-bound P) from the sediment. Based on the selective pump of P (but not N) from the sediment by algal blooms, it is concluded that photosynthesis which is closely related to eutrophication level is the driving force for the seasonal variation of internal P loading in shallow lakes. This is a new finding. Additionally, the selective pump of P from the sediment by algal blooms not only explains satisfactorily why both TP and PO4-P in the hypereutrophic Lake Donghu declined significantly since the mid-1980s when heavy cyanobacterial blooms were eliminated by the nontraditional biomanipulation (massive stocking of the filter-feeding silver and bighead carps), but also explains why TP in European lakes decreased remarkably in the spring clear-water phase with less phytoplankton during the seasonal succession of aquatic communities or when phytoplankton biomass was decreased by traditional biomanipulation. Compared with deep lakes, wax and wane of phytoplankton due to alternations in the ecosystem structure is also able to exert significant influences on the P exchange at the sediment-water interface in shallow lakes. In other words, biological activities are also able to drive P release from sediments, and such a static P release process is especially more prominent in eutrophic shallow lakes with dense phytoplankton.  相似文献   

Eutrophication Dynamics of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Joseph H. W. Lee  Feleke Arega 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):187-192

The time and spatial variation of water quality in Tolo Harbour, a eutrophic landlocked semi-enclosed bay frequented by algal blooms, is studied using a dynamic eutrophication model. Hourly changes of tide levels and currents are computed by a link-node model assuming M₂ tidal forcing. Phytoplankton growth is assumed to be limited by solar radiation, nitrogen and temperature. The model incorporates light acclimation by algae, self-shading, photosynthetic production, nutrient uptake, and a dynamic determination of the carbon to chlorophyll ratio. In particular, sediment-water-pollutant interactions are modelled via an anaerobic benthic layer segment. Using recorded pollution loads and environmental forcing as input, the model predictions of daily-averaged water quality are compared with the extensive water quality monitoring data of the Environmental Protection Department (EPD). The predicted spatial distribution and trends of algal biomass, inorganic nitrogen, dissolved oxygen (DO), as well as sediment oxygen demand (SOD), are in general agreement with field observations.  相似文献   

Assessment of iron(II) binding by a cryptoendolithic bacterial community: Implications for iron cycling in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

Previous work showed the cryptoendolithic microbial communities of the Colorado Plateau act to harden the surfaces of Jurassic Navajo Sandstone outcrops via the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It is our hypothesis that EPS produced in these systems serve to trap ions and maintain hydration. EPS isolated from in vitro and in vivo biofilms bind 200–600 nmol of ferrous iron per 10 g of biofilm sample. Initial characterizations of the EPS used preparations from two distinct microbial cultures grown in semi-submerged conditions with EPS harvested from approximately one-half of each culture immediately, the remaining biofilm was allowed to dry before the EPS was harvested. Analysis of ferrous iron binding of the four preparations showed that the culture dominated with non-filamentous cells only produced a chelating moiety after desiccation. Conversely, the second culture dominated by filamentous cells produced a ferrous iron binding activity when semi-submerged. Biochemical characterization showed that the extracted EPS was acidic, containing 37% uronic acid. Neither the EPS nor the biofilms had the ability to retain water though an increase in the rate of water loss was noted. We conclude that EPS produced by these communities are involved in nutrient capture as well as stabilization.  相似文献   

后生浮游动物摄食对太湖夏季微囊藻水华形成的作用     

周健  杨桂军  秦伯强  张光生  王丽君  高映海  李鸿毅  陈满意  钟春妮 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):398-405

为了了解后生浮游动物的摄食作用在太湖夏季微囊藻水华形成中的作用,2009年7月15日至8月14日取太湖梅梁湾湖水开展了后生浮游动物对微囊藻水华形成作用的野外模拟实验.实验期间,未过滤掉后生浮游动物的对照组出现了漂浮在水面、肉眼可见的微囊藻水华,而过滤掉后生浮游动物的实验组没有出现微囊藻水华.结果显示,对照组整个实验期间都有后生浮游动物存在,共发现了9种后生浮游动物;而实验组在实验第6 d发现有后生浮游动物出现,整个实验期间共发现了3种后生浮游动物.浮游动物生物多样性分析显示对照组显著高于实验组.实验后期(21～30 d),对照组微囊藻平均密度显著高于实验组.整个实验期间,惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)和水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)密度均显著高于实验组,且惠氏微囊藻密度占对照组微囊藻总密度的60.79%.研究结果表明,太湖夏季后生浮游动物摄食并不能控制太湖蓝藻水华,相反,后生浮游动物特别是大型浮游动物能促进蓝藻水华的形成.同时表明,后生浮游动物群落结构可能是影响微囊藻水华形成的重要因素.  相似文献   

Macroalgae blooms and their effects on seagrass ecosystems     

Qiuying Han  Dongyan Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):791-798

Seagrass decline caused by the macroalgae blooms is becoming a common phenomenon throughout temperate and tropical regions. We summarized the incidence of macroalgae blooms throughout the world and their impact on seagrass beds by direct and indirect ways. The competition for living space and using resources is the most direct effect on seagrass beds when macroalgae are blooming in an aquatic ecosystem. The consequence of macroalgae blooms (e.g., light reduction, hypoxia, and decomposition) can produce significant indirect effects on seagrass beds. Light reduction by the macroalgae can decrease the growth and recruitment of seagrasses, and decomposition of macroalgae mats can increase the anoxic and eutrophic conditions, which can further constrict the seagrass growth. Meanwhile, the presence of seagrass shoots can provide substrate for the macroalgae blooms. Controlling nutrient sources from the land to coastal waters is a general efficient way for coastal management. Researching into the synergistical effect of climate change and anthropognic nutrient loads on the interaction between searsasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effects of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in eutrophic areas.  相似文献   

大型湖库滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险评估——以巢湖为例     

钱瑞  彭福利  薛坤  齐凌艳  段洪涛  邱银国  陈青  陈粉丽  高俊峰  黄佳聪 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):49-60

淡水湖库富营养化与蓝藻水华是全球性的突出水环境问题,尤其是滨岸带严重蓝藻水华堆积甚至造成了水体黑臭、威胁饮用水安全等严重危害,科学评估滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险、精准识别蓝藻水华易堆积区域是水环境管理与研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题.本研究以我国长江中下游的大型浅水富营养化湖泊巢湖为研究对象,依托流域水文与湖泊水动力模拟、遥...  相似文献   

实测与卫星观测德基水库水质变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

章国威 《水科学进展》2012,23(4):549-554

德基水库集水区的气候条件适合温带水果及高冷蔬菜、茶叶的种植,德基水库集水区上游遍布果园、菜园与茶园。因此,每逢大雨来临时,大量的残留肥料常遭冲刷至水库中。这些残留的肥料中含有大量的氮、磷等营养盐,足以提供水库微生物的生长繁殖所需,也因此造成水库中二角多甲藻的大量繁殖,进而形成藻华现象。研究使用Landsat TM卫星数据,搭配传统监测模式,以监督式影像分类法分析与监测德基水库1995年的藻华现象。研究结果显示,以Landsat TM卫星数据监测德基水库的藻华现象,其准确率可达87.5%以上。由影像分类的结果可得知,德基水库二角多甲藻之藻华现象发生较严重的时期为夏天,而冬天则较为轻微。此现象发生的原因,应与集水区上游的农业经营模式息息相关。此外,德基水库藻华现象发生的区域及其程度也经由实地调查与卫星影像监测,一一获得证实。  相似文献